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Charles Johnson Maynard (May 6, 1845 – October 15, 1929) was an American naturalist and ornithologist born in Newton, Massachusetts. He was a collector, a taxidermist, and an expert on the vocal organs of birds. In addition to birds, he also studied mollusks, moss, gravestones and insects. He lived in the house at 459 Crafts Street in Newton, Massachusetts, built in 1897 and included in the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 as the Charles Maynard House.〔(National Park Service record for Charles Maynard House, Record Number: 424313 )〕 The Charles Johnson Maynard Award is given out by the Newton Conservators, Inc. ==Biography== Charles Johnson Maynard was born in Newton, Massachusetts on May 6, 1845 to Samuel Maynard and Emeline Sanger. He left school at the age of 16 to help out on the family farm. His interests led him to taxidermy, and the collecting and dealing in specimens of natural history. He founded his own company in Boston, Massachusetts called C. J. Maynard & Co. in 1865, which published books and sold naturalist supplies. Maynard eventually married Pauline Thurlow Greenwood In 1870, at the age of 24, Maynard's ''Naturalist's Guide'' was published, becoming America's first publication on a reliable and detailed method of collecting and preserving zoological specimen.〔Barrow, Mark V.. (2000). A Passion For Birds. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press〕 This first book was illustrated by the notable artist Edwin Lord Weeks and published by James R. Osgood & Co., formerly Ticknor and Fields.〔Maynard, Charles Johnson. (1870). Naturalists' Guide. Boston, MA: James R. Osgood & Co.〕 The book mentions other future leading figures in ornithology that he worked with such as William Brewster, Joel Asaph Allen, Henry Augustus Purdie and others. Maynard was the first editor of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, the first such club in America, founded in 1873. However, he was forced to resign after he had avoided his duties in order to collect specimen during a trip. This roused the ire of his colleague Charles Foster Batchelder, who would later pay penance by compiling Maynard's extensive bibliography after Maynard's death. This event is believed to be the reason that he was excluded from the American Ornithologists' Union when it was first formed in 1883. This angered some, including Joseph M. Wade, the editor of the ''Ornithologist and Oologist'', who defended Maynard as someone who studies while the other ornithologists were "toddling around in petticoats."〔Barrow, Mark V.. (2000). A Passion For Birds. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press〕 Maynard later managed Boston's Naturalists' Bureau, into which he merged C. J. Maynard & Co.〔Anonymous. (2010). The Naturalist's Directory (International). Nabu Press〕 He was president of the Newton Natural History Society, Vice President of the Nuttall Ornithologist Club of Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1875.〔Johnson, Rossiter. (1904) The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans. Boston, MA: Biographical Society.〕 Maynard died in Newton on October 15, 1929. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Charles Johnson Maynard」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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